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tag:The Bible (from Greek τὰ βιβλία ta biblia "the books") is the collections of the primary religious texts of Ju...
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The Bible (from Greek τὰ βιβλία ta biblia "the books") is the collections of
the primary religious texts of Judaism and Christianity. There is no single
Bible, as the individual books (Biblical canon), their contents and their
order vary between denominations. Mainstream Judaism divides the Tanakh into
24 books, while a minority stream of Judaism, the Samaritans, accepts only
five. The 24 texts of the Hebrew Bible are divided into 39 books in Christian
Old Testaments, and complete Christian Bibles range from the 66 books of the
Protestant canon to the 81 books in the Ethiopian Orthodox Bible.[1]
The Jewish Bible, or Tanakh, is divided into three parts: (1) the five books
of the Torah ("teaching" or "law") comprise the origins of the Israelite
nation, its laws and its covenant with the God of Israel; (2) the Nevi'im
("prophets") containing the historic account of ancient Israel and Judah plus
works of prophecy; and (3) the Ketuvim ("writings"), poetic and philosophical
works such as the Psalms and the Book of Job.[2]
The Christian Bible is divided into two parts. The first is called the Old
Testament, containing the (minimum) 39 books of Hebrew Scripture, and the
second portion is called the New Testament, containing a set of 27 books. The
first four books of the New Testament form the Canonical gospels which recount
the life of Christ and are central to the Christian faith. Christian Bibles
include the books of the Hebrew Bible, but arranged in a different order:
Jewish Scripture ends with the people of Israel restored to Jerusalem and the
temple and the Christian arrangement ends with the book of the prophet
Malachi. The oldest surviving Christian Bibles are Greek manuscripts from the
4th century; the oldest complete Jewish Bible is a Greek translation, also
dating to the 4th century. The oldest complete manuscripts of the Hebrew Bible
(the Masoretic text) date from the Middle Ages.[3]
During the three centuries following the establishment of Christianity in the
1st century, Church Fathers compiled Gospel accounts and letters of apostles
into a Christian Bible which became known as the New Testament. The Old and
New Testaments together are commonly referred to as "The Holy Bible" (τὰ
βιβλία τὰ ἅγια). The canonical composition of the Old Testament is under
dispute between Christian groups: Protestants hold only the books of the
Hebrew Bible to be canonical; Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox
additionally consider the deuterocanonical books, a group of Jewish books, to
be canonical. The New Testament is composed of the Gospels ("good news"), the
Acts of the Apostles, the Epistles (letters), and the Book of Revelation.
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March 29, 2013